How Media Has Impacted Growing Up With A Measuring Body Image

In this advertisement it shows a little girl measuring herself with a measuring tape. By looking at this image, it already outlines that we as society relay on having the perfect ideal women body, which is being thin and skinny. Society also implies that valuing body image and perfection is significant that children at a very young age are already influenced negatively growing up with a corrupted mindset. The little girl in the photo is already measuring her waistline with a measuring tape at such a young age. She is already feeling like she must be skinny to fit into society and is conscious of her size, teaching her that she must look a certain way. The issue is that in society the media has advertisements, commercials and magazines that portray standards such as women being thin, tall and skinny. This according to the Western countries is having the perfect body image. The media shows such unrealistic images to consumers such as these young girls to try to appear like these ideals that are set for them from society that potentially be harmful and unhealthy which could lead to death because of starvation leading to possible long-term health disorders such as anorexia, bulimia nervosa and nervosa. My opinion on this issue is those who are suffering with low-self esteem shouldn’t do such horrific acts like starvation or dieting just to be accepted in society because they feel too fat or they do not meet the societal standard of being perfect. Girls should relay on the â€Å"idealShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Being Sustainable As Well As Looking Into How Existing Businesses Try And Be Sustainable2454 Words   |  10 Pagesrun out today. It has become clear that the infinite wants of the consumer in today’s society has put a strain on the worlds resources, this means scarcity has become a greater issue. Scarcity in general is that there are not enough resources to meet the wants of consumers. As a result it has become more important for busine sses to come up with new methods of producing renewable energy and reducing the amount of resources required in their production process. A way of measuring a business’s sustainabilityRead MoreThe Fast Food Problem: Super Size Me2292 Words   |  10 PagesThe Fast Food Problem: Super Size Me America, now pretty much the fattest nation in the world has a major problem that has started to unfold more now than ever before. This problem deals with the fast food industry and what they are feeding us. In the documentary film Super Size Me the creator, Morgan Spurlock, explores and investigates into the food industry and its effects on people. This study engaged Spurlock in a thirty day study in which every single day for three times a day he wouldRead MoreNew Jean Company Marketing Plan2372 Words   |  10 Pagesstylish, and edgy. We believe in the notion that every woman regardless of size deserves to dress like a diva. The SBJ collection is cut from the highest quality fabrics and tailored with perfected cuts to fit all the curves of a woman. Never before has there been an upscale premium lifestyle brand of denim that caters to such a wide variety of consumer in one market. SBJ is designed to fit not just one kind of woman, but every woman. Market research indicated that an estimated $14.6 billion dollarsRead MoreTourism of Haiti4946 Words   |  20 Pagesmix and Communications Strategies 23 Step 6: Managing customer response and feedback 23 REFERENCE 25 RESEARCH QUESTION How can Haiti exploit the negative outcomes of the earthquake to become a future tourist destination? INTRODUCTION Client Briefing: Tourism Board of Haiti The following management research study has been conducted in order to address how Haiti can exploit the negative impacts of the earthquake to rebuild the tourism industry and become a popular future tourist destinationRead MoreTourism of Haiti4959 Words   |  20 PagesMarketing mix and Communications Strategies 23 Step 6: Managing customer response and feedback 23 REFERENCE 25 RESEARCH QUESTION How can Haiti exploit the negative outcomes of the earthquake to become a future tourist destination? INTRODUCTION Client Briefing: Tourism Board of Haiti The following management research study has been conducted in order to address how Haiti can exploit the negative impacts of the earthquake to rebuild the tourism industry and become a popular future tourist destinationRead MoreObesity : A Growing Problem4014 Words   |  17 Pagesthroughout childhood and adulthood. I am interested in exploring how society has impacted the spread of obesity and how people can pressure the government to take action on this issue. I am also interested in ways that people can form 2 healthy eating habits and lifestyles that they can maintain and pass on to others because that is the only way that we can fight this epidemic. Additionally, I also want to understand how changes in lifestyles and food ingredients have affected obesityRead MoreImpact of Television Advertisements on the Buying Decision of Consumers of Consumer Durables17484 Words   |  70 Pagesadvertising that has enabled the businessman to make continuous mass production for the wide market. Though these have been criticized from the opponents of advertisements regarding the high cost and misleading of innocent people, it has its own potentialities to reach people and educate them. Also, the advertisers do not bother about the cost because they know that â€Å"it pays to advertise† The means that are used for advertising are known as the media. Originally of all the media, printed wordsRead MoreStarbucks Study15613 Words   |  63 PagesSeattle. These students, Gerald Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl love coffee and tea. And this was the only reason why the set up the Starbucks Coffee Company. They just want to bring the best coffee in the world to Seattle. This time Starbucks only sold the coffee beans and the according coffee machines and mills. In the first ten years four more stores were set up. Howard Schultz, who was working in a Swedish house ware company this time, recognized the development and increasing demand of coffeeRead MoreRoadmap to Csr Sustainability in Healthcare16191 Words   |  65 Pages  Scorecard                                                           Preface    The   Hospital   CSR   Sustainability   Road   Map      Balanced   Scorecard   has   two   parts.   Part   One    focuses   on   the   fundamentals   of   Corporate   Social   Responsibility   (CSR)   and   highlights   the    significance    of    CSR    in    hospital    operations. Read MoreEssay on Rose Only13399 Words   |  54 PagesStrategy Options 31 4 Ps (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) 36 Implementation 39 Gantt Chart 40 Measuring, monitoring and adapting 41 Management 43 Adaptation 44 References/Biliography 45 Introduction The following report has been prepared in order to understand the marketing, planning and strategy the company Roses Only has developed over the years as well as suggestions on how to improve itself. In addition, we have also worked with CEO of Roses Only Steven James to get an insight

Essay on Community Profile - 1666 Words

Introduction The locality I have based my community profile on is Ardoyne. I feel that Ardoyne is familiar enough for me to carry out my research as I have lived here all my life. Although my project is based in Belfast city centre, we work with many groups and young people from the Ardoyne area. this would prove beneficial to myself as I would sometimes have already developed a relationship with the young people through community life. I will firstly explore the community I have chosen by speaking to local people, using photographs, and recordings of my observations. In doing so I intend to create a picture and overall feeling of the community as well as the people who live here. This data will be accompanied by my own comments in†¦show more content†¦For a community that witnesses a lot of conflict during each year Ardoyne is full of people who love to chat and help out whatever why they can. The older generation in particular take pride in their ‘what’s mine is yours’ attitude. While taking this picture an old lady quietly asked me if I was a tourist. I replied laughing telling her no. she went on to tell me that she walked her granddaughter to school through the protesters each morning while it lasted. In that time she had to endure spitting and urine filled balloons being hurled at her by the protesters. She also talked about the day a pipe bomb was thrown at the parents and childre n of the school. She said she ‘wouldn’t wish it on anyone’ as she slowly walked off. I couldn’t help thinking what a bizarre experience just chatting with the old lady, who was completely open to sharing her experience with me. Improving a specific aspect of community life The aspect of community life I have chosen to explore is the ‘drinking culture’ within Ardoyne. In the small area that is Ardoyne there are eight pubs, five of which being night clubs. I feel that this environment is contributing to the many issues facing the community of Ardoyne. There were a total of 547 offencesShow MoreRelatedEth316 Community Profile Paper1362 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Profile Presentation The City of Kelsey is an environment friendly and diverse community with residents from different ethnicities and backgrounds. The City Kelsey where most people regardless of the entry-level position have an opportunity to find a job. One of the largest employers is Smith System consulting, followed by Huffman trucking company own and managed by family members. This community has a diverse population of professionals on different fields such as consulting, transportationRead MoreWhat Is A Community Profile?1238 Words   |  5 PagesChapter one - Introduction What is a community profile? There are lots of health issues in all areas of United Kingdom (UK), in some areas more than others, the purpose of this community profile is to analyse a certain area within the North East of England and concentrate on a particular health inequality, in this case smoking within Middlesbrough and how as nurses this can be dealt with using health promotion ensuring the health and well-being of the community is paramount and also defining healthRead MoreProfile Of A Vietnamese Community936 Words   |  4 PagesProfile of a Vietnamese community in Southern California My choice of linguistic community in Southern California is Vietnamese community, which is known as â€Å"Little Saigon†. This community is mostly located in the city of Westminster and Garden Grove in Orange County. Vietnamese, as the sixth most popular language in the United States, has more than 1.5 million speakers distributed in several states such as California, Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Vietnamese language has the fifth most speakersRead MoreCommunity Profile Essay4424 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ UNIVERSITY OF TEESSIDE SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE BSc (Hons) Nursing Studies, Adult The Role of the Nurse in Improving Health and Wellbeing (CCH1037-N-BJ1-2012) Community Profile Megan McCallion J9238068 Word Count: 3,704 Thursday 24th January 2013 Contents page Chapter One- Introduction........................................................................Page 3-4 Chapter Two – The Health Improvement Issue......................................Page 5-8 Chapter Three – ServiceRead MoreCommunity Profile Essay5395 Words   |  22 Pages BSc Nursing Studies - Adult Teesside University Community Profile The Role of the Nurse in Improving Health and Wellbeing CCH1037-N-FB2-2013 Word Count 4117 Contents Introduction Page 3 - 7 The health improvement issue Page 8 - 10 Service Provision Page 11 - 13 The Role of the Nurse Page 14 - 16 Conclusion Page 17 References Page 18 - 25 Appendix One Appendix Two ChapterRead MoreCommunity Profile/Nursing1568 Words   |  7 Pagesto details about appropriate further services. (http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Primarycare/Primarycaretrusts/index.htm) †¢ Community Mental Health Team(CMHT) a multi-disciplinary team which provides assessment, care and treatment for people who have one or more types of severe mental illness †¢ Assertive outreach team. The team supports people in their local community rather than as an inpatient. The team operates on a flexible approach, providing assessment, care planning and interventionsRead MoreCommunity Profile Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesYour Username: BigBlakk Age: 15 Timezone: UTC +8 When did you join Decimate: October 22, 2017 How do you believe you are viewed in the community? (Toxic/Neutral/Friendly): I believe that people look at me or find me as a friendly player since I have been helping people out in the server and I also have had nice conversations with them. How active are/were you: Monday - 4:30 pm - 10:30 pm (can even go more) Tuesday - 5:00 pm - 10:30 pm (can even go more) Wednesday - 4:30 pm - 10:30 pm (can evenRead MoreSocial Media Profiles As An Invasion Of Privacy999 Words   |  4 Pagesmost highly debated issues in the business world is the use of social media profiles as a determining factor in the hiring process. Some people feel that using someone’s social media profile is an invasion of privacy because it uses something from their personal life to determine their professional success. As long as the company follows some basic guidelines I believe there is nothing wrong with them looking into the profiles of their potential employees. It is important to point out that while lookingRead More Community Crime Profile Survey Essay2427 Words   |  10 PagesCommunity Crime Profile Survey with Questions nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The small community of Hasbrouck Heights, NJ is the one square mile home to a comparatively tiny population of approximately 7,600 people, including myself. I live on a residential street of this small suburban town where a great threat of danger and harm has never really been associated with its name. The crime rate on the city-data.com crime index is a minute 35.6 when compared to the U.S. average of 330.6. In the yearRead MoreThe Community Health Profiles For The Mott Haven And Melrose Neighborhoods2129 Words   |  9 Pages In vulnerable communities like the South Bronx, where economic opportunities are limited, populations are at high risk for various adverse outcomes that are impediments to community growth and well-being. Two statistics from the 2015 Community Health Profiles for the Mott Haven Melrose neighborhoods in the South Bronx are particularly revealing when compared to the fifty-eight other New York City (NYC) communities that were assessed: 1) Mott Haven Melrose ranks fourth for incarcerations. Its

Risk Assessment and Decision Making Child protection, safeguarding Free Essays

Introduction Whether a nurse, doctor, allied health professional, manager or clerical worker, the contribution of health service workers to the protection of children is crucial. The well-being of children and in some cases child’s life depends not only on professional vigilance and a willingness to consider the possibility of abuse but also on action taken in response to it. It depends on talking to the child, listening to what they say; sometimes believing things people think do not, could not or should not happen to children. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Assessment and Decision Making Child protection, safeguarding or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ensuring the safety and promoting the welfare of children who are at risk of harm is not an easy undertaking. It is sometimes difficult to assess the significance of the information about a child, to gauge its seriousness and decide what to do next. It is easy to lose a sense of perspective and the focus on the child in an attempt to also take into account the needs of the parent, family and professional network. It is not necessary to be an expert in pediatrics or child abuse to have concerns about a child but following child projection guidance once abuse is suspected is a requirements for everyone, managers and clinicians alike. The protection of children is a responsibility that crosses all services and hierarchies. It places equal value on each person’s contribution to the process of protecting children, and its guidance is designed to inform everyone working in health service as well as workers in other agencies. (Judy Barker and Deborah hodes 2007). Child abuse and neglect occur across all socioeconomic, religions and ethnic groups. No one single source can be identified (Finkelhor Korbin 1988.) However, because many occurrences of child abuse and neglect go unreported or undetected, official figures do not necessarily state the true incidence. They tend to reflect on what State government agencies are doing. ( James, M.1994). There is a lack of consistency in how ‘neglect’ is defined. Several definitions of neglect have been proposed. Most commonly they emphasise that a child’s basic developmental needs have not been met by acts of omission by those responsible for that child. In contrast, abuse is associated with acts of commission resulting in harm to the child. Usually neglect is categorised into physical, emotional, supervisory, medical and educational neglect with several sub-categories for each type. Greater specificity of definition is hampered by debates about what constitutes basic developmental needs and the level of care considered adequate to meet these needs. Definitions are further qualified by debates about actual harm, potential harm, impaired development, social conditions, cultural beliefs, levels of chronicity and severity and the intent of caregivers. Neglect is the most common form, and also the fastest growing category, of maltreatment in Canada, United States and the United Kingdom. In Australia overall rates of neglect appear lower. However, definitional differences make international and interstate comparisons in Australia, difficult. (Dr Johanna Watson 2005). Recently there has been an increase in public awareness of the intricacy of all of the issues connected with child abuse and neglect, as well as a realisation of the complexity of the responses required. Much of this is due to increased television, radio and newspaper coverage of the topic as well as specific mass media campaigns. The professional community, however, continues to recognise that child emotional abuse and child neglect can be just as damaging as child physical abuse and child sexual abuse. There is, therefore, a concern to understand both how best to respond to the issue and what can be done to prevent all types of child abuse and neglect from ever occurring in the first place. The long-term nature of the problem and the difficulties in finding solutions has led to the search for more refined responses which involve a range of activities and support programs (Calvert et al. 1992). This needs to involve an interdisciplinary perspective and extend across the community in order to protect abused children and bring about change in their families (Untalan and Mills 1992). Decision-making takes place all the time; it toggles between small and large, slight and most important, compound and simple, tense and easy, multi-agency or single practitioner (Mantell, 2009) . DEFINING THE PROBLEM In United Kingdom there is many legal and variations in the definition of child abuse, so this is make it difficult to provide consistent national data on incidence. Indeed, variations may occur depending on the context in which they are used. For instance, UK government departments may use different definitions from those used by community service professionals. However, all of the definitions refer to the physical or psychological damage caused to the child by the abusive behavior of others, or the failure of others to protect a child from such damage. Most commonly, the categories of abuse cover physical, emotional and sexual abuse, as well as neglect. The debate surrounding child abuse has now moved away from disbelief that it occurs, to legal and academic discussion as to what parameters it includes (Boss 1987). Many of these arguments centre on disciplinary and other childrearing practices which can sometimes be abusive. For instance, the physical abuse of children can be seen in the context of the prevailing values in our society, where there is a degree of acceptance of violence as a legitimate means of attaining ends. This element of violence is represented in child-rearing practices where physical force is condoned and in some cases encouraged as a disciplinary measure (Miller 1988, Edgar 1991). Child abuse is, however, more generally characterized by the deliberate infliction of physical, emotional or sexual harm on the child. Child neglect can also incorporate a situation in which there is a failure to provide conditions which are essential for the health, physical and emotional development of the child. Corby (2000) argues that child protection work consists of two important assessment points. Firstly, apprehension of an abuse and to make a short term decision for quick safety of child. Secondly, to take an action when decision is made to make sure for the protection and welfare of the child (Corby, 2000). Corby (2000) summaries that research on short-term assessment and decision making in child protection work points out to a different way being adopted depending on whether the subject inquiry is a case of physical or sexual abuse. Firstly, assessment focuses on the parents and secondly, on children. In the case of physical abuse and neglect, there is a little evidence of use of research findings in carrying out assessments, and some evidence to suggest that this is vindicated (Corby, 2000). I did a literature review done by Lord Laming, The purpose of this review is to identify any evidence of changes and improvements in safeguarding practice since the Laming review. It distils current learning about the challenges and identifies factors which are supporting improvements in safeguarding work. In March 2009, Lord Laming published the findings of a review investigating the progress being made across the UK to implement effective arrangements for safeguarding children. The review, which was commissioned by the (then) Secretary of State for children, Schools and Families in response to the case of Baby Peter Connelly being made public in November 2008 set out to evaluate progress since Laming’s first report, published in 2003 in response to the death of Victoria Climbie. The review stated the need for ‘a step change in the arrangements to protect children from harm’,(DCSF, 2009). In June 2010, Professor Munro was commissioned by the new Coalition Government to conduct an independent review of child protection in England. In the review’s first report, published in October 2010, Munro sets out the review’s intended approach and the features of the child protection system that need exploring in detail (Munro, 2010). Following initial feedback from a wide range of stakeholders, Munro suggested that ‘good practice thrives’, in many parts of the country despite the numerous system-level challenges that are yet to be resolved. This literature review builds on learning from initial scoping study carried out by the NFER for the local government Association earlier in 2010, which set out relevant literature on safeguarding practice published since the laming review in 2009 (Atkinson, 2010). Training and professional development of social workers, Ofsted’s first annual survey of social work practitioners across local authorities in England suggested that the training and professional development of social workers has progressed considerably since the Laming review (Ofsted, 2010a). The survey found that, in general, social work practitioners are positive about their training experiences in relation to safeguarding. The majority of respondents also reported that such training helps them to understand and meet the needs of children and young people. The first line managers always supporting the social workers to assess and manage any risk in their works by attending the required training and by providing them with a full support. A majority also report that they are able to express concerns to their line manager and in just half of the cases; these concerns are dealt with satisfactory (Ofsted, 2010a). The challenges associated with training and professional development in relation to safeguarding include the need to encourage critical reflection. Social workers can then increase their capacity to make effective decisions by critiquing their own judgment when considering cases (Burton, 2009). In addition, Barlow and Scott (2010) reported that specific safeguarding training is required to support professionals working in multi-disciplinary teams. Methods used to develop relationships and understanding, a recent report by the Children Commissioner (2010) highlighted social care professionals’ qualities and skills conducive to building relationships with children and families. Interagency communication and information sharing, The findings of Holmes et al. (2010) suggested that agencies are continuing to develop and improve their information sharing. However, the same study also suggested this can be improved further. Ofsted’s(2010a) survey of social work practitioners found that fewer than half of respondents agree that communication and information sharing is effective both within their local authority and with other organizations contributing to safeguarding children. Within the health sector, the Care Quality Commission (2009) found that just over a third of applicable acute trusts do not have a policy in place for joint working between maternity services and social services. There were instances where health practitioners had noted the sign and symptoms of potential abuse, but had not communicated there to other professionals. The use of Common Assessment Framework (CAF), provides all professionals with a consistent method of performing an assessment of a child’s needs and to decide how those requirements can be performed and very useful in places like primary health care schools and children centers to recognize and deal with problems before these problems become serious( Barker and Hodes, 2007). Developing of safeguarding practice, here its examples to develop safeguarding as identified in the literature: Training and professional development. (Munro,2010) highlighted the importance of social workers training and professional development in supporting system change related to child protection. The report also emphasized the commitment of the Government to continuing the reform of the social work profession. Capacity and recruitment. The first report of the Munro review echoed this literature review in suggesting that the challenges posed to the social work profession in relation to the recruitment and retention of staff ongoing particularly in the face of intense media and public security. Munro argued that such challenges make it difficult for social workers to provide the flexible and sensitive responses that match the wide variety of needs and circumstances that are presented, (Munro 2010). Relationships and understanding. Munro indicated that the review team will work closely with those involved in the family justice review, commissioned by the Ministry of Justice, to improve the experiences of children and young people involved in care proceedings.(Munro2010). Interagency working. it is evident that the challenges of working across organizational boundaries continue to pose barriers in practice, and that cooperative efforts are often the first to suffer when services and individuals under pressure. (Laming 2009). Quality assurance and monitoring. The Laming review identified local authorities performance management as a central of leadership and accountability. Munro highlighted the importance of ensuring quality assurance and monitoring systems (including performance management and inspection processes) are designed to support children’s social care teams’ core aim to deliver high-quality services for children. Therefore, the review aims to consider how to create a system characterized by good local management information, with focused and meaningful national data, combined with regular feedback from children, young people, families, staff and partners. (Munro 2010). Serious case reviews. (SCRs). The purpose of an SCR is to establish whether there are lessons to be learned from a specific child protection case for professionals and organisations that have worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. SCRs are, therefore, critically important to the ongoing protection of children. Laming identified SCRs as ‘an important tool for learning lessons from the death of, or a serious incident involving, a child’ (Laming 2009). Munro suggested that there is considerable progress yet to be made in supporting SCRs to reflect learning culture based upon an understanding of why circumstances have arisen and a keenness to ensure that this learning is carried forward into other child protection activities.(Munro 2010). Referral and assessment. Munro highlighted examples of local innovation in response to this. For example, there are systems enabling experienced social workers to discuss potential referrals with referrers before a referral is made to ascertain whether it is necessary and appropriate; there are also systems enabling social workers to form multi-agency teams with potential referring agencies in order to improve the flow of communication. The review will therefore be working with local authorities to explore the effectiveness of such innovative strategies. (Munro 2010) After reviewing the literature review I noticed that there is a good amount of evidence of change regarding the improvements in safeguarding practice, since Laming did a review in march 2009, also there evidence to suggest that work to develop the safeguarding of children is being used among many practice. UK Government is fully committed to ensuring that children and young people should have the opportunity to make their views known in decision-making concerning their future but without placing undue stress and unnecessary burdens on them if the complexity of the case does not warrant it. There is now much greater awareness of the need for and importance of criminal record bureau CRB checking. Checking for new recruits is well-established in children’s services and robust arrangements exist for checking contract staff in nearly all local authority areas. However, weaknesses in recruitment practices remain in some services, for example in the timeliness of checks on people who apply for approval as adopters resulting in delays in decision- making by adoption panels.(safeguarding children 2008). I am interested in comparing and contrasting the Maria Colwell and Victoria Climbie inquiries. There are many cases about children who suffering at the hands of their parents, and often ending the tragedy of their lives lead to change in policy, for example Maria Colwell she was killed by her step father in 1973, she was 8 years old when she died, she returned to the care of her mother after she lived 5 years with a foster family who were relatives of her natural father in fact the Colwell report noted clearly that â€Å"there is a failure of the system compounded of several factors of which the greatest and most obvious must be that of the lack of, or ineffectiveness of, communication and liaison. (Jones et al , 1987). While both were living at home with their primary carers (more of this later) and had been in frequent contact with a range of professionals in different agencies for a period of time, no professional was able to intervene appropriately. More particularly, both inquiry reports identified numerous opportunities when professionals had failed to intervene; these individual failures, it is argued, need to be understood in their wider context. Both reports argue that these failures were not simply a consequence of individual incompetence but were a reflection of fundamental inadequacies in their respective systems. What has clearly emerged, at least to us, is a failure of the system compounded of several factors of which the greatest and most obvious must be that of the lack of, or ineffectiveness of, communication and liaison. A system should so far as possible be able to absorb individual errors and yet function adequately. (Parton, 2004: P.84). Acording to the House of Commons 2003 that In England around 80 children die every year from abuse or neglect,for instance, the recent case was the death of Victoria Climbie on 25 February 2000,her death was caused by multiple injuries arising from months of ill-treatment and abuse by her aunt, who take Victoria from her parents in France to UK after she promised them that Victoria would have greater educational in Europe, but Victoria had suffered months of physical abuse and neglect at the hand of her aunt and the aunt’s boyfriend.(Doyle,2006) In fact, the suffering and death of Victoria was a result for the system failure, in 2001 after one year of Victoria death the Lord Laming was appointed to chair an independent statutory inquiry into the circumstances leading to and surrounding the death of Victoria Climbie(House of Commons, 2003) the Liming report identified the need for clear accountability about who is responsible at every level for the welfare of children(Doyle, 2006) and this is the same point that identified 20 years ago in the Colwell enquiry. In addition, according to the Lord Laming (cited in The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report, 2003:P9) that† this tragedy of Victoria Climbie been because one doctor, one social worker, one police officer, had failed to see one telling sign indicating deliberate harm† furthermore the report pointed out that the failure in dealing with Victoria case due to many factors such as the failure of communication between different staff and agencies, and Inexperience and lack of skill of individual social workers. Moreover the failure to follow established procedures, and inadequate resources to meet demands. (Lord Laming 2003). Both inquiries were established by the relevant Secretary of State. However, this is perhaps the first important area of difference, for whereas the Maria Colwell inquiry was set up by the Secretary of State for Social Services, the Victoria Climbie inquiry was set up by the Secretary of State for Health together with the Secretary of State at the Home Office. In effect, the latter was to conduct three parallel statutory inquiries in relation to local authority social services, health services as well as the police. (Parton, 2004: P.84). The Victoria Climbie inquiry provides a coherent, convincing and powerful account of what happened to Victoria, how she was failed and how this can be avoided in the future. While the account in the Maria Colwell inquiry is of a similar nature, it is also much more equivocal. This is in part because the inquiry report has within it the minority report written by one of the inquiry team, Olive Stevenson. It is not that the report has a major dispute over the facts, but it is in their interpretation, particularly in relation to some of the early decisions leading up to why Maria was returned home, from her foster carers, that there is something of a difference of opinion. In her minority report, included as chapter five in the Maria Colwell report, Olive Stevenson writes as follows:â€Å"As a social worker, my education and experience has taught me that in such matters, there is no one truth; in considering the subtleties of human emotions everyone is subjective. One’s feelings , attitudes and experience color one’s perception. This is as true for me as it is for my colleagues. And when one is dealing with events now some time in the past, drawing to a large extent on records for evidence, and inevitably affected by the eventual tragedy, the probability of distortion in interpretation is all the greater. Those who have worked in child care social work have learnt of the impossibility of predicting the future†. (Parton, 2004: P.84). In Maria Corwell inquiry a major issues was concerned with trying to judge how significant the issue of ‘blood tie’ was in relation to the decision making, and how this was appropriately addressed. Such issues now seem remarkably old fashioned. There is now considerable variation and complexity in household and family structure and relationships, such that the model of the traditional nuclear family no longer seems to represent the majority of the population. As a consequence we now usually refer the ‘family’ as opposed to the family. (Parton, 2004: P.84). The other major area for social change over the intervening thirty years is probably concerned with globalisation. Issues related to and arising from this are core to the Victoria Climbie in a way which is hardly evident with Maria Colwell. While both reports discuss the importance of cultural differences between the workers and the adults and children with whom they work, the way this is discussed is very different. For example, in Olive Stevenson’s minority report she discusses, the cultural differences that were possible in the way Mr Keppel, Maria’s stepfather, made sense of and responded to Maria’s behaviour compared to the way the professionals might have analysed this (Parton, 2004: P.84). The decisions were shown to be bounded by the ‘objective’ principles of the Children Act 1989 and Working Together (1991). However themes that emerged from the analysis of the cases suggest that there is a ‘subjective’ influence on decision processes. Evident within the analysis was a shared fundamental belief in keeping children with their mothers. Both these objective and subjective influences suggest that almost inevitably decision making in child protection practice will be driven in directions that result in courses of action that involve potential and actual risks for children. The findings emphasise how an explicit recognition of the multifaceted nature of decision making can assist in more reflective practice. The ways in which national and local policy impacts upon decision processes, at the level of the individual and groups need to be monitored in order that the needs of children in situations that involve risk remain paramount Kelly (2000). From the two cases I mentioned violence against children is a complex issue, so it seems the system of protection and decision-making in cases of child abuse is difficult and sometimes ambiguous ,but over the case difficult is that the decision to take protection to protect children from people who are supposed to be responsible for the protection and welfare (parents), here are a difficult equation between the rights of children and parental rights, but the decision is based on providing the best for the child. The decision in such situation could not be complete without making a careful assessment for the risk which require to cooperation between all the relevant agencies which responsible about the children in the community, then the decision can be made by the professional team who follow the child protection policy. REFERNCES Atkinson, A. (2010). Safeguarding Post-Laming: Initial Scoping Study. Slough: NFER [online]. Available:http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/10626631 [accessed 3rd March 2011]. Barker, J Hodes, D (2007) the child in mind: a child protection handbook 3rd ed. London: Routledge. Barlow, J. and Scott, J. (2010). Safeguarding in the 21st Century – Where to NowDartington: Research in Practice. Burton, S. (2009). The Oversight and Review of Cases in the Light of Changing Circumstances and New Information: How Do People Respond to New (and Challenging) InformationLondon: C4EO [online]. Available: http://www.c4eo.org.uk/themes/safeguarding/files/safeguarding_briefing_3.pdf [accessed 3rd march 2011].  ·Child Abuse and Neglect: Institute of Criminology Marianne James Senior Research Officer Australian †Issues in Child Abuse Prevention Number 1 January 1994† Children’s Commissioner for England (2010). The Children’s Commissioner for England’s Report on: Family Perspectives on Safeguarding and on Relationships with Children’s Services. London: Children’s Commissioner for England [online].Available: http://www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk/content/publications/content_405 [accessed 3rd march 2011]. Corby, B. (2000) Child abuse towards a knowledge base. Buckingham: Open University Press DCSF (2010). Working Together to Safeguard Children: A Guide to Inter-agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children. London: The Stationery Office [online]. Available:http://publications.education.gov.uk/default. aspx?PageFunction=productdetailsPageMode=publicationsProductId=DCSF-00305-2010 [accessed 7th march 2011]. Holmes, L., Munro, E.R. and Soper, J. (2010). Calculating the Cost and Capacity Implications for Local Authorities Implementing the Laming (2009) Recommendations. London: LGA [online]. Available: http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/ 9387423 [accessed 3rd march 2011]. HM Government (2009). Government Response to the Social Work Task Force. London: HM Government [online].Available: http://publications.education.gov.uk/eOrderingDownload/SWTF-GovResponse.pdf [accessed 8 march 2011]. Jones, David N. (1987) Understanding Child Abuse .2nd ed .London .Macmillan Education Ltd. Kelly, Nancy (2000) Decision making in child protection practice. Doctoral thesis, University of Huddersfield. Laming, H. (2009). The Protection of Children in England: a Progress Report (HC 330). London: The Stationery Office [online]. Available: http://publications.dcsf.gov.uk/eOrderingDownload/HC-330.pdf [accessed 8th march 2011]. Mantell, A. eds (2009) Social work skills with adults. Exeter: Learning Matters Munro, E. (2010). The Munro Review of Child Protection, Part One: a Systems Analysis [online]. Available:http://www.education.gov.uk/munroreview/downloads/TheMunroReviewofChildProtection-Part%20one.pdf [accessed 3rd March 2011]. Nigel Parton, From Maria Colwell to Victoria Climbie: reections on public inquiries into child abuse a generation apart. Child Abuse Review .2004, 13(2): 80-94. Ofsted (2010a). Safeguarding and Looked After Children. National Results for Children’s Social Work Practitioners Survey 2010 (NAT ‘10). Manchester: Ofsted [online]. Available: http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-home/Publicationsand- research/Browse-all-by/Documents-by-type/Thematic-reports/Safeguarding-and-looked-after-children-nationalresults-for-children-s-social-work-practitioners-survey-2010 [accessed 3rd march 2011]. Okitikpi, T Cathy, A.eds (2008) the art of social work Practice. Lyme Regis: Russell House Publishing. www .safeguardingchildren.org.uk {accessed 9th april2011) The House of Commons, Health Committee.(2003) The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report. 6th Report. London: The Stationery Office Limited. Words count: 4293 How to cite Risk Assessment and Decision Making Child protection, safeguarding, Essay examples

Porters Diamond Model analysis of Mobile - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePorters Diamond Model analysis of Mobile. Answer: Demand Conditions The demand conditions of the company are more in the composition of the growth and market size of the industry. According the industry lifecycle, they are still in introduction and growth stage (Holtbrgge Friedmann, 2016). The mobile industry with its rapid growth in technology and innovation factors makes it fluctuate in the customers preference zone. The rapid growth has been seen in the telecom sector. The total 91 companies competed among themselves for licensing in from the two telecoms giants in the country. By mid 2015, 30 million SIM cards were sold (Hydrant.co.uk, 2018). This shows an growth of 518% increase since 2018. The 5.4 million customers active mobile phone users are there, which is approximately 10% of the population. The main service provider in the country is Norways Telenor, Qatar based Ooredoo, Myanmar Post, Telecommunications, and MecTel. Therefore, it can be said that the local industry does not dominates the mobile marketing. The industry has 31% of the total foreign direct investment (Hydrant.co.uk, 2018). This sector of the company is currently in a fully-fledged growth stage with respect Internet and Communication technologies. The Chinese brands have captured the market. Market leader being Huwai of more than 3% share and Samsung with 20% share. Therefore, it can be said that existing market is not a ma ture industry. Therefore, as per this analysis prediction the demand is quite high in Myanmar. The country presents good opportunities for investments in mobile industry. Chance Myanmar is very efficiently moving out of the infancy stage of growth to mature. There is ample number of operators in the country, local as well as international. Moreover, 17 proposals have been submitted to the ministry in 2016. There are 17 NTL applicants. The market is more crowded with the national players as reported by the Myanmar Information and Communication Technology Development Corporation. Operator MPT has tested the 4G long-term evolution technology and bands are increasing (Wilson, 2016). However, 3G is on demand in the market they are also planning to move to the 4g realm (www.hydrant.co.uk, 2018). Construction of mobile towers is also flourishing and is implemented. The country in overall has 17,300 towers. Telenor has also submitted a proposal of constructing 4000 more towers in Myanmar by 2020. Simultaneously, the NTL and other operators also contracted to build more towers in the country. The main criteria for this mobile infrastructure are the land and power. Government Funding of the companies is restricted among government policy. The lack of infrastructure development hinders the progress of network expansion. Many expansion strategies of truck and transport strategy, where equipments are expensive, government have lesser coverage (Riasi 2015). This increase the operations cost of the network operator countries. Progress is hindered in the monsoon. As the global trend is moving towards the digital economy, they are also moving towards the mobile money outlook. The fundamental lies in the infrastructure of the Myanmar economy, which needs to be uplifted with the help of the government. Reference Holtbrgge, D., Friedmann, C. B. (2016). Does location choice affect foreign subsidiary success in India? An empirical study based on Porter's diamond model.International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets,8(1), 3-29. https://Hydrant.co.uk, S. (2018).Myanmar witnesses increased demand for mobile communications.Oxford Business Group. Retrieved 11 January 2018, from https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/powering-ahead-myanmar-witnessing-massive-increase-demand-mobile-communications Riasi, A. (2015). Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model.Business Management and Strategy,6(2), 15-27. Wilson, P. (2016, May). The Impact of Culture on Cluster Competitiveness: a Revised Diamond Model. InClusters as a Driving Power of the European Economy(pp. 162-175). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG.

War and Society Essay Example For Students

War and Society Essay Do you agree with Pat Hudsons argument in her chapter the Economy and theState?In this chapter Pat Hudson focuses on economic growth during the industrialrevolution, she questions whether or not this growth was as extreme aspreviously thought, and why it came about. She also discusses the role thestate played economically and its contribution both commercially andindustrially. She puts forward a convincing argument, which highlights theissues surrounding the debate over whether or not the term industrialrevolution is an exaggeration of the economic changes that occurred inBritain during this period. I agreewithherargumentandherinterpretation of the data she uses as evidence. The first step Hudson takes to support this argument is to look at newestimates of economic change produced in the last ten years such as GDPgrowth and industrial output. She puts forward the arguments used by Harleyin 1982 and of Wrigley and Schofield against Deane and Coles figures inthe sixties. These arguments state that dean and Cole had relied tooheavily on import and export figures to work out growth, and thatpopulation growth had begun earlier than they thought. This is crucial incalculating the rate of economic growth. We will write a custom essay on War and Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hudson then discusses the revisions of occupational structure in theeighteenth century, which were carried out by Lindert and Williamson. Theyused data on wages and burial records to show that the previous estimatesby Gregory King had been influenced in favour to agriculture. Crafts thenbrought together many of these new estimates and incorporated them with hisown. He suggested that productivity growth was very slow up until 1830.Healso states that TFP grew very slowly and was influenced by agriculture,not industry. Hudson brings up the common argument against the idea of anindustrial revolution concerning the textile industry. Cotton was a smallsector of the industrial world, yet it is thought that it accounted foraround half of all productivity change in manufacturing. Next Hudson brings in a completely different argument to show the limits ofeconomic growth, one that disagrees with Craft. J.G. Williamson argues thatthe high growth and productivity levels thatCraftattributedtoagriculture would have caused de-industrialisation. Williamson insteadconsiders the slowing down of British industrialisation was due to thefailure of the labour and capital markets, as in the difference betweenurban and rural wages. He believes that the capital market failed due tothe investments made during the Napoleonic wars, which inhibited growth andcontributed to the poor living standards suffered by the working class. However unlike Craft he considers the period to be one of dramatic changeand innovation, even if labour shortages and debt slowed it down. Hudson also addresses the issue of the unreliability of data from thisperiod. The modern way of measuring economic activity is by analysingnational income, this can be unreliable today, however it is even more sowhen applied to economics during the nineteenth and early twentiethcentury, which were considerably underdeveloped. Its unreliability isincreased further due to the scarceness of reliable data. Hudson goes on togive examples of productivity calculations and show how they differ. Theburial records that are used by historians for occupational data are alsonot to be relied on, as they do not record the occupations of either womenor children even although their contributiontotheeconomywassubstantial. The records also neglect to define occupations such aslabourer or gentleman. Hudson emphasised how much ofthedatacompletely underestimates activity in numerous occupations. Some of it evenleaves out industries that were growing fast, and were vital in the newurban Britain such as gla ss, lead, metalwork and food processing. .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 , .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .postImageUrl , .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 , .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:hover , .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:visited , .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:active { border:0!important; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:active , .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3 .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua60790ef085b6e870c0ffb9f7230f7b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayThe author also addresses the subject of labour division; this is animportant factor in the argument. Some historians believe thattheindustrial revolution was down to changes in labour, such as shift work anddivision of labour and tasks, thus reducingcostsandincreasingproductivity, all with limited use of technology. There was also a massivechange in lifestyle as more people than ever before were city dwellers,this provided a large labour market including women and children. Hudson then goes on to discuss the role the state plays concerning economicchange. In the nineteenth century Britain was economically superior to therest of the world, she possessed a near monopoly of the overseas market aswell as being a major military power with a huge empire. However the loansacquired by the state during the wars were responsible for the majority ofthe financial problems later on in the century. The state dealt with thisby heavily taxing goods and imposing income tax. The state contributed tothe economic growth because of this tax, even although it became moredifficult to impose tax on trade goods due to smuggling and evasion. Waralso played an important part in the growth of many industries such astextiles and hardware, and more importantly the outcome of the warsincreased demand for British goods, so exports significantly increased. In this chapter Hudson puts forward different interpretations of theeffects the Napoleonic wars had on the economy. Craft is of the view thatwartime had very limited effects on key sectors of the economy whileWilliamson blames the wars for the slow growth of the economy during theindustrial revolution. Some economic historians feel that the economy wouldnot have slumped had it not been for the wars, i.e. if it had continued togrow at the rate it did before the war.Hudson states that wartimeincreases in customs duties did not have a harmful effect on most majorindustries, and it had a commercialising effect on agriculture. Pat Hudsons approach to economics during the period of the industrialrevolution is becoming more common as new theories are put forward and oldones questioned. She approaches the issues covered in this chapter frommany perspectives, and does not deny that despite the debates this was aperiod of change that would set the course for todaysinnovativetechnological world.

Its Acceptable to Use (Some) Contractions

Its Acceptable to Use (Some) Contractions It’s Acceptable to Use (Some) Contractions It’s Acceptable to Use (Some) Contractions By Mark Nichol Do you believe it’s acceptable to use contractions in formal writing, or is the elision of certain letters and their replacement by apostrophes something that shouldn’t appear in a respectable publication? What’re your thoughts? Some contractions are considered more acceptable than others. The first two I included in the previous paragraph, and others, are often found in all but the most buttoned-up composition, but although ’re is sometimes appropriate, what’re is of dubious respectability. Some contractions are ubiquitous and usually acceptable, while others, for often obscure and arbitrary reasons, are considered substandard usage. Here’s a guide to the relative respectability of various contractions: ’d: a contraction of did, had, and would, considered mildly informal. ’em: a highly informal contraction of them (â€Å"You really showed ’em†). ’er: a highly informal contraction of her, though often in reference to an inanimate object rather than a female (â€Å"Git ’er done†). ’im: a highly informal contraction of him (â€Å"I saw ’im standing there just a minute ago†). ’ll: frequently used in place of will (â€Å"I’ll concede that much†). n’t: widely employed to replace not, as in couldn’t, don’t, isn’t, shouldn’t, and won’t, though ain’t is considered acceptable only in colloquial or jocular usage, and shan’t is considered stilted. ’m: appears only in a contraction of â€Å"I am.† ’re: readily takes the place of are in â€Å"they are,† â€Å"we are,† and â€Å"you are† (and, less often, and less acceptably, â€Å"there are† or â€Å"what are†). ’s: used in contractions of phrases that include has and is, but use with does (â€Å"What’s he say about that?†) is considered highly informal; also is a contraction of us solely in the case of let’s. ’ve: acceptable for contraction of have, but double contractions such as I’d’ve (for â€Å"I would have†) are too informal for most contexts. y’all: a dialect contraction of â€Å"you all,† widespread in the southern United States, to refer to one or more people, but too informal for most written content. Any of these forms is appropriate for representing dialect, though in nonfiction it is usually interpreted as a demeaning caricature, and even in fiction it can become tiresome. The illogic of inconsistent degrees of acceptability for contractions is demonstrated by the case of ain’t, which started out as a spelling variation, based on changing pronunciation, of an’t, itself an easier-to-pronounce form of amn’t (â€Å"am I not†). All three forms were long acceptable an’t also stood in for â€Å"are not† and is the ancestor of aren’t but while aren’t acquired respectability, and amn’t and an’t faded, the older ain’t was attacked as a vulgarity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterConfusing "Passed" with "Past"7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Suvey Unit 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Suvey Unit 1 - Essay Example Consequently, the HRM subject grew into a profession in the early 1920s. Moreover, human resource practices have transformed and organizations have assigned monetary value as well as respecting employees. The evolution of HRM creates a linkage between employee employer relationships along with strategic management as the focus (Aswathappa 5-22). The role of HR professional as strategic partners to senior leadership entails the formulation and implementation of strategies. They make senior leadership highly effective by supplying committed and competent human resources as well as aligning them with the organization’s resources. HR professionals orchestrate distinctive personalities, skills, motives and experiences of employees in facilitating interactions occurring within work teams. They also provide knowledge about the organization and tasks along with HRM goals, programmes and policies. Additionally, they create a suitable working environment and enhance the learning process among employees so as to improve performance (Aswathappa 38). The main specialty areas of HRM include employee and organizational development, employee relations, talent management, employee resourcing and, training and development. Employee development entails how value could be added to the organization and its employees whereas organizational development encompasses how skills could be obtained, developed and maintained needed by the organization both at present and in the future. Employee resourcing comprises how HR managers efficiently resource corporate strategies and the process of acquiring employees into the organization. Employee relations constitute processes, perceptions and institutions within the employer employee relationship (Connelly 13-23; Rowley and Jackson xix-xxxiii). HR generalist coordinates and administers programmes in all functional areas, advises line managers on HR matters and supervises the implementation of HR policies, as well as coordinating

Apple Inc. Current market conditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Apple Inc. Current market conditions - Essay Example The firm is estimated to have the majority of the smart phone market with the main competitors being the Research in Motion of Canada, Samsung of North Korea and the upcoming Huawei of China. On its launch of the Smartphone, the firm was able to sell over ten million units within a month which was a record not only for the firm’s product sales but also for the market. New version of the same product has been very successful with million units in sales made for each new version which is after every two years. Apple has proved to the world that it is a future firm and that it is here to stay. This has to do with its history of innovation and surprising the consumers with new products just when the customers thought they had everything there is to have in the electronics industry. Generally, Apple is a successful company with a growing future. Though it faces threats such as competition from other providers in its line, it stands a better chance for success due to opportunities a nd market venture it has not touched. Law of diminishing demand Mentioning of recent or upcoming purchases of cars and computers suggests a strong consumer demand for the commodities. The confidence of consumers is measured by Consumer Confidence Index (CCI). Consumers’ confidence shows the optimism of the consumers on the economy. This can easily be expressed in their saving and spending activities (Barnes, 2012). Household surveys are carried out every month about the ongoing conditions and the expectations of the future regarding the United States economy. Data is available by age, region, and income for consumer attitudes and buying intentions. A healthy economy means consumers are willing to spend their money. The CCI is calculated from data gathered from 5000 households every month. Five questions are asked in the survey and each question is given a relative value. The values are calculated and compared against a benchmark value that was calculated in 1985. The 1985 ben chmark value is as is because that is when the CCI was first calculated. From the results, an index value is obtained for each of the five questions. The average index values of the questions are obtained and forms the consumer confidence index. Consumer spending is very imperative to a countries’ financial health. Consequently, the CCI is closely and accurately watched economic indicator. Changes of below 5% are usually said to be inconsequential. On the other hand, changes of 5% and above show very strong change in the direction of economy (Barnes, 2012). Competitors and the market While Apple is a leader in the industry, this does not mean that the firm does not have competition. The main competition is from Research in Motion who is the manufacturers of yet another market leading Smartphone, Samsung, which is a Korean electronics manufacturer that is catching up very quickly with the American manufacturers and finally Huawei which is a Chinese mobile communication devise manufacturers who have recently entered the market for Smartphone (Russolillo, 2012). Huawei especially offers a very different kind of competition because apart from having the advantage of the Asian cheap labour from china, it has a very keen focus on manufacturing low cost Smartphone and have entered into strategic coalitions with such giants as Google and a number of mobile phone operators in the world. The

Feedback for solutions for brewing company problems Essay

Feedback for solutions for brewing company problems - Essay Example Molson Coors have therefore decided to pull its international businesses out Asian markets so that they can focus on the local markets. The importation of beer in China holds only 1% share of the market share compared to the domestic and Coors only ranks second despite the China’s low domestic prizes. It is therefore important when the company withdraws its operations from china because there are no chances of succeeding in that market. Coors should first alert their customers in china market and sell their stake to Sihai Beer Company because of the company’s inability to sustain its assets and the need to cover losses as much as possible. Coors should sell its beers at a lower price as a way of getting rid of its excess reserves (Russel Web). The Company should focus on improving its big Canada share and the US market shares in order to improve their sales. This is only possible when the UK and China markets are closed due to their low markets that in turn lead to a higher cost of operation in both UK and China. The partnering between Coors and the SABMiller will also increase the market share to almost 30% in local market. The issue of new marketing material has got a large impact on the success of the firm especially within the local market. The sales have slightly increased after almost a year due to the increased marketing. The small board that was created to facilitate aggressive marketing in North America has not boosted the market share as expected but only increased the operating assets due to its overstatement as the income statement do not include the US (Russel Web). The decline of the consumption of Molson’s products in its major markets is such a big blow to the company and puts the company into a very challenging situation. With the voting rights of Coors remains at 50% hence making it difficult to account for the company’s benefit in the consolidation process. The product for both the companies

Different Jolmohals And There Locations Environmental Sciences Essay

Different Jolmohals And There Locations Environmental Sciences Essay The fisheries sector of Bangladesh is a quick yielding sector, which augments growth and can contribute to poverty reduction. The 4.57 million hectors of available inland water bodies contribute 80% of the total fish production and offers a great opportunity for the poor fishing community to have an improved income through increased production. 12.2 million People use this water bodies as their source of income (both direct and indirect) that comprises 24.6% of the total employment of Bangladesh. Around 0.77 million fishermen are dependent on the availability of public water bodies for their livelihood. However, in spite of having abundance of inland water resources, the fisheries sector is not experiencing its full potential growth in terms of employment generation, increased production and demand for nutrition because of the improper distributions of these inland water resources. Most of the fishers are poor and in the fisheries sector this poverty is associated with economic exclu sion from high value water bodies, social marginalisation of traditional fishers, class exploitation by moneylenders and leaseholders, and political disempowerment from decisions affecting fisher livelihoods. The inland fisheries sector includes baor, coastal aquaculture, river and estuaries, beels and haors, lake, flood plains, canals and ditches and together they called Jolmohal. A more formal definition of jolmohal according to the Jolmohal management policy 2009 is Jolmohal is a waterbody where water remains in some times or throughout the year and is known as Haor, Baor, Beel, Jheel, Pond, Ditch, Lake, Dighi, Khal, River, Sea etc. Such Jolmohals can be closed or open. Closed Jolmohal will have defined boundary whereas open Jolmohal will not. The power of distributing this jolmohal among the people is held by the government. However, it has been noted that this distribution is not fair. Most of the benefit is being enjoyed by the middlemen and other powerful non- fisher people. This is creating a financial as well as a social cost. Social welfare is suffering; the neediest people are being ignored. But the government has an obligation towards them and there needs should get priority and policies should be taken to ensure that. Different Jolmohals and There Locations: As stated earlier jolmohal is a water body, which consist of different types of inland fishery sector and they can be found in different areas of the country. As a first step in trying to sort out a rather complex situation, it is helpful to distinguish different types of naturally occurring water bodies. In addition to rivers and floodplains, this category includes a number of other entities that are outlined below Figure: Types of naturally occurring water body Name Definition Where found Haor Low lying depressions between two or more rivers functioning as small internal drainage basins North-East Beel Lakelike depressions, sometimes found within haors retaining water permanently or for the greater part of the year. Adjoining beels may merge into a single continuous sheet of water under a unified floodplain during the wetter part of the year Almost everywhere Khals Drainage channels connecting beels to adjacent rivers Almost everywhere Baor Ox-bow lake made of former meandering bends in river that got cut-off from the main stream. Not strictly part of the open-water system Jessore,Jhenaidah, Kushtia Beyond this, and with regard to the wider category of water bodies as a whole, a number of further distinctions are important. Individual water bodies may be: Naturally occurring or constructed by individuals and communities. For example- Kaptai Lake. The only large artificial inland is Kaptai reservoir formed as a consequences of hydro- electric dam completed in 1963 and which has flooded over 76,600 ha of pristine forested valleys and cultivated land in the Chittagong hill tracks. State (khas) or privately owned Closed where fish cannot move beyond their boundaries and can therefore readily be privately appropriated or open where they can move freely. Open access or leased for private individual use Seasonal in which case all fish must be harvested in a single season, or perennial with potential to build up stocks for harvesting in later years Waqf estates and Debottar property, which support Muslim and Hindu religious organisations respectively. Policies and issues taken over the YEARS: From the British period to the present day, a number of fisheries policies, regulations and acts have been introduced for the management of water bodies and other fishery resources. Prior to 1757 fishers and farmers had customary rights over open water fisheries including rivers, land depressions, lakes, oxbow lakes and floodplains. At that, time fisheries were managed by local fishing community as common property under various system of tenure. During early stages of British administration, fishers had some customary rights over all water bodies. The situation changed in 1793 when Zamindars were granted rights (jalmohal) over rivers and other waters under the Permanent Settlement Act which was designed to generate revenue for the Colonial Government. As with land, these were then sub-divided among jotedars, using a leasing system that has continued with only slight modification until the present day. In the large majority of cases, the lessees (Ijaradars) were not fishermen themselves. The fishermen they controlled were low caste Hindus. The most able of these over time became informal managers, collecting tolls and taxes on behalf of the jotedars. Muslims generally did not fish, but some lower status Muslims did became traders. Therefore, during the 19th and 20th centuries the colonial state created a legal and regulatory framework, which favored landlords and leaseholders who were drawn largely from the non fishing class and groups and who increasingly saw their water tax rights as valuable commercial and financial assets t hat needed to be protected from unauthorized fishers. The fishers had to come to some agreement with them in order to survive. After the partition of India in 1947, the new state of Pakistan abolished the zamidari system in 1950 and took control of waterways through the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 and the Department of Revenue assumed responsibility for all jalmohal outside Reserved Forest areas. Therefore, a large number of these water bodies were now owned by the state but property rights over them was temporarily transferred to the fishers mainly through a leasing process. From 1950 to 1965, open auction of leasing water bodies started where highest bidder were granted lease. The method of fixing the maximum revenue prior to auction was to average the last three terms lease value than to increase it by 10%. In fixing the lease value, the productivity of fishery was not considered. The aim of the leasing policy was to raise state revenue. However, during 1965 in an attempt to help poor fishermen, preference in the granting of jamohal was given to fishermens co-operative societies registered with the Dept of Co-operatives After the independence the government of Bangladesh took several policies in regard to the jolmohal management which have been described below- 1973- 1974: Preference was given to registered fishers cooperatives in leasing out the water bodies provided the cooperative agreed to pay highest bid money, the numbers of which as a result mushroomed. However, this provision was easily circumvented, with former Ijaradars generally using co-ops as fronts, taking jalmohals on sublease arrangements and retaining effective control. 1974- 1984: Under a presidential order, all jalmohals were transferred from MOL to the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. Initial attempts were made to move from purely revenue-based to more sustainable systems of management, but before this could not be fully implemented. Restrictions placed on leasing out water bodies to the registered fisher cooperative societies through negotiation for 1-year lease for river and canal and 3 year lease for closed and semi closed types of fisheries such as lake, boar and ponds. If such a fishers association was not available or the terms and conditions of lease were not acceptable to the government then the water bodies would put up for open auction where anybody including the non-fishers could bid. 1984 1986: Leasing to the fishers cooperative societies through negotiation was replaced by open auction system but limited to fishers cooperative societies. Open auction system of leasing water bodies was subsequently changed to bidding by sealed tender system, all other conditions remaining unchanged. Jalmohals 20 acres reverted to MOL control. 1986- 1995: To ensure biological management of fishery resources and to establish the right of fishers to water bodies a licensing introduced under the New Fisheries Management Policy (NFMP) in 1986 in selected location and the affected jalmohals were placed under direct management of the Department of Fisheries. The aim of this policy was to reserve some water bodies for genuine fisherman defined as those who depended on full time fishing for livelihoods. The leasing system was abolished and fishing rights were directly licensed to fishers. Credit was made available, and different institutional arrangements (including NGO management) were explored. Progress was slow, with MOL unwilling to give up its major source of income under circumstances where net revenue from land was very small and other vested interests were opposed. Annual gear specific harvests were introduced to ease the pressure on fisheries by regulating the harvests. Limited user rights to genuine fishermen were meant to ensure that they received a greater share of the fishing income. Nevertheless, this had limited success and government revenue decreased; fishers sometimes failed to pay license fees on time because of the failure to link the license fee with the productivity and biological potential of the water bodies, so for many fishers the license fees were too high and increased yearly which overtime put them out of reach of many. In addition, non-fishers continued to control water bodies assisted by wealthier fishers. Because of the failure, this policy ended in 1996 since when project based approaches involving communities have been adopted. 1995- 1996 (Open Access Policy): Leasing system for flowing rivers was abolished and fishing was declared open to all free of cost except to those who catch fish by using mechanized boats. The policy was established for the benefit of poor fishers but as there was, no control fishing pressure increased greatly and threatened fish stocks. Additionally influential people and mastans were reported as controlling the rights to river water bodies in some areas and to have harassed and exploited fishers. Community Based Fisheries Management Project: The CBFM Project started field activities in different locations from late 1995 to mid 1997. The project is a partnership of government (DOF), five NGOs Caritas, Proshika, BRAC, Banchte Shekha and CRED, and ICLARM. CBFM is a partnership arrangement where management responsibility is shared between the government and fishing communities. Under this approach, the users can participate to the management of fisheries to ensure its sustainable use and equitable distribution of benefits. The Fourth Fisheries Project: This project started in 2000, involved the NGOs extensively for empowering the fishing community so that the community of project beneficiaries, i.e., the fishers, could retain the benefits of mitigatory and compensatory interventions undertaken by the project. The project involved 14 NGOs in 49 sites for empowering community institutions. In essence, they were posted to ward off the capture attempts made by the rural elites by empowering the fishers. The Water Body Management Policy 2005 and its shortcomings: Although the 2005 policy aimed at ensuring full access of poor fishermen into the public water bodies, however there were several drawbacks and constraints in its implementation as follows: The revenue centric policy only allowed the affluent people to get lease and left out the poor fishermen. Did not specify the property rights of the lease holder to be bankable. Insufficient coordination and discussion on the leasing strategies among the relevant ministries and stakeholders. Lack of encouragement and involvement of private sector investment. The short term leasing policy held back the fishermen from introducing any scientific cultivation method. Jolmohal Management Policy 2009: The government adopted the Jalmahal Management Policy-2009 with the cabinet approval on June 23 through bringing some changes to that of 2005. These changes or amendments are- While the Upazilla fisheries officer will recommend whether the shamity members are actually fishermen or not, the Upazilla Water Body Management Committee will prepare and finalize the fishermen group living adjacent to a particular water body. The management committee headed by a deputy commissioner (DC) is authorised to lease out khas jalmahal among the community. Local lawmakers have been made advisers to the district and upazila committees with the upazila chairmen alternative advisers to the upazila committees Any fishermen community / group / shamity living adjacent to an water body will be become the beneficiary of that particular water body. The lease period for the closed water bodies up to 20 acres has increased to 3 years from only 1 year. The lease-holders are not allowed to sub-lease the water bodies and must use it only for fish production. The Upazilla and District water body management committee will consist of representatives from the private sector, civil society, department of agriculture and law enforcement agency. The District Commissioner (DC) will annually update the list of public water body and notify in the notice board, local dailies and websites for the stakeholders. The public water bodies under different ministries will be allocated to the fishermen or samity instead of previous target group. The commercial banks and financial institutions will provide loan to the fishermen or their community in order to scientifically manage the leased water bodies. A database will be prepared and updated with information regarding the public water bodies of the country. Ministry of land will introduce public private partnership to manage the water bodies for improving the lives of the fisherman. A coordination committee comprising of concerned ministries will be formed at national level for the proper management of public water bodies. Even though the Jolmohal Management Policy 2009 is a better policy than the previous one, but still there are some problems regarding this policy, they are- Jalmahal management policy does not effectively safeguard the interests of the actual grassroots fishermen. The provision for keeping local lawmakers and upazila chairmen as advisers in the management committee will create scope for politicisation and conflict. The genuine fishermen community will not be benefited with a management dominated by bureaucrats In summary from the 18th century to the present, Bangladeshs jolmohals management has been dominated by private leasing and controlled by non- fishers business and political elites. Most of the policies and rule instituted during this period led to a transfer of property rights from the traditional fishers to the socially powerful agents, the leases and other commercially non- fishers interest. Reasons for the failure of these policies The polices taken over the years to manage the jolmohal by the government hasnt been successful as the genuine fishermen didnt get the benefit but the middle man enjoyed it. Therefore, social welfare actually did not increase. To look it more closely we can take each of this policy and examine their problems. The first policy taken was, lease system, which was used to increase the government revenue, so lease was granted to the highest bidder. Due to lack of capital and the control of local political authorities by non fishing interest group fishers were outbid or there cooperative was controlled by outside finances and the lease was allocated to the non-fishing population who wanted to make profit, which did not help the poor fishermen. Similarly, the open auctioning system failed which also granted the right to the non-fishing population. The problem with the licensing system was that while determining the license fee they did not link it with the productivity and biological potential of the water bodies. Therefore, for many fishermen the licensee fee was too high. In addition, government failed to provide them with technical financial support, there was also a continuous threat from other interest group. This put a pressure on the fishermen and the benefit from the licensing declined. Another policy taken was, open access fishing. As with the other policy, in this case also the influential people controlled the rights to river water bodies. Furthermore, the open access system put a pressure on the resource since to maximize the profit nobody gave a thought to the issue of sustainability. To overcome the problem with the middlemen the NGOs stepped in and there intervention helped many but in time some corruption was also noted. Most of the time they were given free rein so they had the tendency to exploit the power. The recent jolmohal policies have considered the environmental aspects, restricted the subleasing system and the intervention of the non- fishing community. However, since all this have to done on the district level there is still sufficient chance of the middlemen and other local powerful interest groups intervention. Therefore, there is a good possibility that this policy will not be successful in ensuring the welfare of the fishermen. Possible Solution As we can see, no form of ijahara or leasing process has been very successful in ensuring the welfare of the fishers. There can be several possible solutions to this but the most effective would be to create an aquaculture for the fisherman. In other words, the fishing right should be given to the fishers directly for a long period, at a minimum cost to enable them to pay the amount and the government should oversee the progress. This will save them from the middlemens intervention. If the fishers have the exclusive right to fish then they themselves would think of the sustainability issue and this will also give them incentive, so productivity will increase. This right to the fishermen should be given on a community basis. The government revenue may decrease from this process but they can earn more revenue from the export of the fish. To improve the situation and to protect the genuine fishermen, they need to be empowered with monetary and logistic help and capacity building. For th is purpose, the government needs to give them the support. Therefore, instead of an ijahara process if there is a cooperation among the government and the fishers then there is a possibility of increased in fishers welfare. Conclusion As we have seen from the earlier discussion that the proper distribution of jolmohal is very important both from the financial and social perspective. However, the policies taken since 1757 have only been successful in depriving the fishermens from their natural right to fish from the water and the situation has worsened overtime. To improve the situation the only possible and viable solution possible is the cooperative one because a proper and necessary monitoring is not possible of the ijhara system which is increasing the social cost and benefiting the non-fishers. Therefore, government needs to consider the cooperative system to ensure the welfare of the fishers. References: Islam ,Gazi Md. Nurul. Abdullah, Nik Mustapha Raja. Viswanathan, K. Kuperan. Yew ,Tai Shzee . AUGMENTING FISHERS WELFARE AND LIVELIHOOD ASSETS THROUGH COMMUNITY BASED MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH Thompson, Dr. Paul. FISHING RIGHTS AND ACCESS MACH THOMPSON, P.M., P. SULTANA, M.N. ISLAM, M.M. KABIR, M.M. HOSSAIN and M.S. KABIR. An Assessment of Co-management Arrangements Developed by the Community Based Fisheries Management Project in Bangladesh CBFM Project 1999 Government Jolmohal Management Policy, 2009 Ministry of Land; 23 June, 2009 Govt to revise Jalmahal Management Policy to increase fish production The Financial Express 8 September 2008 Inland Open Water Management Jalmahal policy wont help grassroots fishermen The Daily Star , 26 July,2009 LAND POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION IN BANGLADESH, CARE SDU Reports and Studies, Land policy Literature Review Final, May 2003 Public Water Body Management Policy 2009 Beginning of a new era for the poor fishermen of Bangladesh News Issue 3, 18 August 2009

Christian Influence in Italian Culture Essay -- Christianity Religion

Christian Influence in Italian Culture Things are not always what they appear to be. When one talks about the influence of religion in a culture, the person must carefully define what they mean by "religion". Many times when things are done in the name of Christianity, there are other factors that shape those events. The Crusades could be considered an object of Christian influence, but most would agree that the bloodshed that took place does not complement the message of that religion. Regardless, despite the gray area that exists when one talks about the influence of a religion, an influence still exists. The evidence of Christianity's influence on a society can be seen almost anywhere. This influence can be seen in obvious ways, such as the number of churches on a block, the general morality of the culture, or the presence of Christian social ministries helping the needy. However, it can also be seen in more subtle ways. It can be seen in individuals who, because of their belief, choose to affect the world around them. Despite the existence of a separation between Church and State in most Western countries, any religion can profoundly impact the society at large whether through massive institutions or fervent individual believers. This situation can be seen in the history of Italy. The center of Christianity's largest denomination in Rome undoubtedly has an immense effect on the nation. The presence of Catholicism has led to profound influences on Italian society. The piety of Francis of Assisi in the 13th Century, the politics of the Christian Democrats party during the 20th Century, and the role the Catholic Church continues to play in the 21st Century demonstrate how Christianity has impacted Italy in various ways ... ...ch, a political party, an individual, or anything else.? Any of those can influence a nation. [1] Holmes, George, Florence, Rome and the Origins of the Renaissance, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), 45. [2] Ibid., 46. [3] Brown, Raphael, The Little Flowers of Saint Francis, (New York: Image Books, 1958), 14. [4] Ibid.,16. [5] Henderson, John, Piety and Charity in Late Medieval Florence, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), 21. [6] Ibid., 21. [7] Ibid., 22. [8] Holmes, Florence, Rome and the Origin of the Renaissance, 47. [9] Ginsborg, Paul, A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics 1943-1988, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 48. [10] Ibid., 50. [11] Ibid., 121. [12] Ibid., 349. [13] Ibid., 1. [14] ?Italy to push for mention of Christianity is new EU blueprint?, http://www.eubusiness.com/afp/031001190812.llwr1tp1.

Environmental problems Essay

There are numerous environmental problems facing our planet at the moment. Economic globalisation is causing destruction of rainforests in South America while boring a hole through the ozone layer, global warming occurs because of the increased emissions by transport and industries, melting of polar ice-caps is threatening low-lying coastal areas, damage of marine resources through overfishing is taking place, acid rain and pollution of soil and groundwater resources results from using chemicals and artificial fertilisers to boost crop output, incidence of hurricanes and other natural disasters is increasing. There is little consensus within both academic and lay circles as to whether the nature is able to cope with the environmental problems itself. In my opinion, ecosystems have a great potential of restoring the state of natural balance; however, the devastating influence of the humankind has significantly undermined this ability. At the dawn of the 21st century, environmental problems are looming large, and many processes are already irreversible. For instance, species that became extinct due to man’s activity could have been essential elements of certain food chains and habitants. The frequency of large-scale natural calamities, especially in the places that have been for a long time considered relatively safe, is a telling manifestation of the inability of nature to sustain its balanced state. Yet the film argues that today is exactly the day when the humanity can redeem its attitude to nature and prevent a global catastrophe. Therefore, the need for a different approach to the relations between the mankind and environment is necessary. It is imperative to carry on conservation and purification activities coupled with a persistent effort by both businesses and individuals to reduce (and, under the dream scenario, to stop) their environmentally damaging activities. Both individuals and corporations can make a considerable contribution to stopping (or at least slowing down) the degradation of the environment. In fact, many individuals seldom realize how their consumption patters are contributing to the aggravation of the situation. The culture of consumerism that constitutes the underlying philosophy of the West fuels unnecessary overproduction: reconsidering one’s consumption pattern can be the first step on the long way of saving the Earth. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, the adoption of Western consumerist lifestyle by developing nations poses great dangers and has to be stopped before it firmly catches on. Such an approach implies not only reduction in consumption of non-essential goods and services but also buying from companies that are known to use environmentally-benign technologies in the process of production. The question as to who will suffer first, the Earth or the humans, is incorrect in its essence. Such thinking about the environment is the root cause of the imminent crisis. It is a fatal mistake to think that man is the king of nature. Indeed, our disconnection from the nature resulted in the great degree of alienation and ignorance. While human species is an inherent part of the Earth’s global ecosystems, men prefer to view themselves as ‘outsiders,’ superior to other species. Such approach brought about the overexploitation of the Earth’s resources, considerable environmental damage, and global warming. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, in many countries, like in Sudan, environmental problems are inherently and explicitly linked to survival through the supply of food and drinking water. In China, pollution at factories equally harms humans and nature. The future of our planet in 50 years is solely dependent on the measures the humankind implements now to prevent the imminent crisis. Hertsgaard (2000) associates hopes with new environmentally friendly industries such as solar power. Given the changing attitudes towards environmental problems, growing awareness, and public policy commitment to betterment of our natural habitat, the outlook for the Earth is not as grim as some doomsayers think.

New Product Launch Marketing Plan, Part III

Public relations and sales promotion will play a major part of LiveWell’s ability to stay in the growth stage, attract new customers, and keep loyal customers that wish to lead a healthy lifestyle. Healthy chocolate’s message to the public is to â€Å"Live healthier and happier with every bite†. To enforce the credibility of healthy chocolate’s message, all of the chocolate products can get labeled with university research on its ability to produce anti-toxins, reduce blood pressure, and claim any other discoveries healthy chocolate can achieve.Public relations for healthy chocolate will involve sponsoring events for publicity such as the Special Olympics, hosting disabled veterans sports events, and holding fitness fairs to identify with individuals who want to become healthy in the target market, increase the product’s name, and to express commitment toward social issues. â€Å"Companies can promote their brands and public name by sponsoring and publicizing sports and cultural events and highly regarded causes† (Kotler & Keller, 2012, pg. 529). The brand image of living a healthy lifestyle will get promoted through public relations and can get used for sales promotion of the product.â€Å"New products typically merit large advertising budgets to build awareness and to gain customer trial† (Kotler & Keller, 2012, pg. 505). Hosting a disabled veteran sporting event or the Special Olympics is not only a less expensive advertising campaign but will encourage the trial of healthy chocolate through samples at these events. † Marketing communication activities contribute to brand equity and drive sales in many ways: by creating brand awareness, forging brand image in consumer’s memories, eliciting positive brand judgments or feelings, and strengthening consumer loyalty† (Kotler & Keller, 2012, pg.478).The two additional advertising methods that will be used to target LiveWell consumers will be word of mouth (network marketing) and print advertising. Word of mouth is one of the oldest forms of advertising. Advertising LiveWell healthy chocolates this way will allow current distributors to invite potential distributors to learn about the products by listening to presentations from company representatives. In addition to, listening from satisfied clients who share how much they enjoyed the products and the ability to make extra income.Unlike print advertising the consumer will have the opportunity to taste the product Print advertisement is another effective method to advertise our LiveWell healthy chocolate product. Individuals have a trend to be interested to new data and perceptive of things of concern. Print advertising targets and draws the audience attention to products and amenities as they are reading or glancing through ads, magazines and newspapers. LiveWell-Healthy Chocolate will be delivering three primary messages in its marketing plan that will be consistently appli ed to describe and position the healthy chocolate’s benefits.The main message for LiveWell will be â€Å"Live healthier and happier with every bite. † This main message will be our slogan. We repeatedly will use it so that consumers are constantly reminded of our products benefits as well as its superior taste. The intention is to make our product and its slogan familiar in every household in America, so that we may gain more recognition and become more popular by word-of-mouth, advertising, etc. Another message that we will apply to describe our product is focused on its health benefits. The health benefits will be used to position the chocolate chews as a healthy chocolate.It will be distributed through channels that will support its premium positioning. We will advertise and promote our products’ heart health benefits as well as its antioxidant properties. The third primary message we will be delivering to consumers is the quality of taste in our product. Not only is our product good for the consumer, but it also has a rich, decadent taste that leaves individuals feeling very fulfilled. The main message to consumers will be that the chocolate is luxurious, tasty, and good for your health sweet sensation.This general message will be communicated to the target market across all promotional tools. Secondary messages we will be instilling in the public are that our product is great for adults and great for kids. Although, we will be primarily targeting adult consumers, we will also frequently mention that this chocolate is a much healthier alternative to the chocolate most children eat. We will make mention that adults should replace their children’s favorite candy bars with LiveWell, so that even their children will have the opportunity to grow up healthier and happier with every bite.